BAB
I
TIME
& TENSES
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, TIME (waktu) sangat erat hubungannya
dengan TENSE (Perubahan Kata Kerja). Lain
halnya dengan Bahasa Indonesia, maka dalam Bahasa Inggris WAKTU turut
mempengaruhi bentuk KATA KERJA. Ada 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris serta
penggunaan-penggunaannya semuanya akan dibahas dalam bab ini.
1.
SIMPLE
PAST TENSE (waktu lampau sederhana)
Digunakan
untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian/ perbuatan yang terjadi pada suatu waktu
tertentu di masa lampau.
Positive. Structure:
Subject
+ verb 2nd form
|
e.g.
My uncle went to Bogor yesterday.
Last
month my father left for Singapore.
Last
week I visited some friends.
We
watched television last night.
His
father passed away two years ago (=meninggal
dunia).
Negative.
Subject
+ did not + verb 1st form
|
e.g.
John did not go to school yesterday,
because he was sick.
(=
Kemarin John tidak ke sekolah karena sakit).
She
did not feel much better after her
operation last week.
I
did not see him at the meeting last
night.
Last
year my sister did not pass her final
examination.
I
did not receive any letter last
Monday.
Interrogative.
Did
+ subject + verb 1st form
|
e.g.
Did she tell you about her trip last week?
- yes, she did
- no, she didn’t
Did
he phone you last night?
-
Yes, he did
-
No, he didn’t
Did
they come to work on time this
morning?
-
Yes, they did
-
No, they didn’t
Did
you enjoy the party last night?
-
Yes, I did
-
No, I didn’t
Did you
see Helen at the meeting last night?
-
Yes, I did
-
No, I didn’t
Note: dalam membentuk
Negative dan interrogative dari Simple Past kata kerja kembali ke bentuk –I (infinitive).
Keterangan
waktu dari Simple Past Tense:
Just now/ a moment ago = tadi/ baru saja
This morning = tadi pagi
Yesterday =
kemarin
The day before
yesterday = kemarin dulu
Last night = tadi malam
Last morning = hari senin yang
lalu
Last week/ month/ year = minggu/ bulan/ tahun yang lalu
Three days ago = tiga hari yang lalu
A few weeks ago = beberapa minggu yang lalu
Many years ago = bertahun-tahun yang
lalu
Simple
Past Tense juga digunakan bila suatu kejadian benar-benar
terjadi di masa lampau meskipun suatu waktu tertentu tidak disebutkan.
e.g. I bought this fountain-pen in London.
She studied music while she was in paris.
They lived in New York for ten years.
During the holidays the
students went for camping.
The train left ten minutes late.
Simple
Past Tense digunakan dengan kata-kata tanya seperti:
What = apa
Where = dimana/ kemana
When = bilamana
Why What for = mengapa untuk apa
How = bagaimana/ dengan
apa
How much = berapa harga
With whom = dengan siapa
For whom = untuk siapa
Who whom = siapa
What did you buy this
morning?
-
I bought a new shirt
Where did you buy this
book?
-
At Gunung Agung book-store
Why what for did your
mother go to the super-market yesterday?
-
Because she wanted to but some dresses.
-
For some dresses
Whom did he visit Mary?
-
Last Sunday
How did your father
leave for Singapore?
-
By plane
How much did you buy
this book?
-
Five dollars
With whom did your
sister go to the party last night?
-
With John.
Who/ Whom did you see
at the party last night?
-
My teacher.
Who saw you at the
party last night?
-
My teacher did
·
Perbedaan
antara WHO dan WHOM :
WHO
dapat digunakan untuk menanyakan Subject maupun Object sedangkan WHOM hanya
untuk menanyakan Object. Perhatikanlah contoh berikut ini :
Marry
saw John at the party last night.
Marry
= subject
John
= object
·
Who saw John at the party last night? - mary did
(whom
disini tidak mungkin)
·
Whom/ who did Mary see at the party last
night? -John
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